Blepharitis: causes, symptoms and treatment

The blepharitis is a swelling of the edges of the eyelidswhich can cause a variety of eye complaints. It is a common and often underdiagnosed condition, with different types and causes that require a specific approach. Treatment of blepharitis is essential to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. It includes hygiene practices, medical treatment and preventive measures to avoid relapses and complications.

What is blepharitis?

Blepharitis is an eye condition that mainly affects the edges of the eyelids, causing inflammation, redness and discomfort. This disorder is common and can present acutely or chronically, depending on its origin and the duration of symptoms.

Types of blepharitis

There are different types of blepharitisEach is characterised by its specific location and cause. The most common types are listed below:

Anterior blepharitis

This type is located on the outer part of the eyelid where the eyelashes grow. It is usually caused by bacterial infections, especially from Staphylococcus aureusor by an excessive accumulation of fat in the area. It can also be caused by parasitic infestations, such as the mite. Demodex.

Posterior blepharitis

Affecting the inner part of the eyelid, which is in contact with the eyeballThis type is associated with dysfunctions of the meibomian glands. These glands are responsible for the production of the lipid of tears. Blockage can lead to dry eye, as lubrication of the eye is reduced.

Mixed blepharitis

Mixed blepharitis combines features of both previous types. This can make it difficult to treat, as it involves multiple factors that contribute to eyelid inflammation.

Causes of blepharitis

The occurrence of blepharitis may be due to various causes, which can be classified as follows infectious factors, obstructive y dermatological. Some of these causes include:

Sebaceous gland blockageEyelid glands: Malfunctioning or blocked glands in the eyelids can lead to fat accumulation and inflammation.
Bacterial infectionsBacterial growth, especially in the case of staphylococcal blepharitis, can exacerbate the condition.
Dermatological conditionsDiseases such as seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis or rosacea are closely linked to the manifestation of blepharitis.
ParasitesThe presence of the mite Demodex can trigger inflammation and scaling of the eyelids.
Systemic factorsHormonal changes, prolonged contact lens wear and certain medications can increase the risk of developing this eye condition.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Identifying the symptoms of blepharitis is crucial in order to facilitate an effective diagnosis appropriate and, consequently, effective treatment. This eye condition can manifest itself in a variety of ways, which can complicate its recognition, so it is essential to pay attention to the various associated signs.

Common symptoms

The signs of blepharitis often vary in severity, but some are characteristic and common among sufferers. These include:

Redness and swelling of the edges of the eyelids.
Discomfort in the eyes, such as burning or itching.
Crusts y peeling at the base of the eyelashes, which can be annoying.
Excessive tearing, which may be an attempt by the eye to relieve irritation.
Feeling of dryness ocular, often described as a foreign body sensation or grit.
Abnormal loss of eyelashes or deviated eyelash growth.
Chalation u sties recurrent, which may indicate a blockage of the sebaceous glands.

Diagnosis of blepharitis

Diagnosis of blepharitis is predominantly clinical and involves assessment of symptoms and direct observation of the eyelids. An ophthalmologist carries out a thorough examination, often with the aid of a slit lamp, to identify visible signs of inflammation, crusting or alterations in the arrangement of the eyelashes.

In some situations, it may be necessary to additional analysescultures to rule out bacterial infections or other conditions that may be contributing to the condition. This thorough examination is essential to determine the specific type of blepharitis to guide the most appropriate therapeutic approach.

Advanced diagnosis of blepharitis with state-of-the-art technology

At OUR CLINICwe have the most advanced technologies for the precise diagnosis of dry eye, allowing us to identify its cause and severity on an individual basis. We use osmolarity tests with TearLab and Osmolarity Test to measure tear salt concentration, Keratograph and Meibomiography to study tear film quality and the state of the Meibomian glands, as well as anterior segment OCT and corneal epithelial layer thickness analysis to assess the impact of dry eye on the ocular surface. We also carry out complete biomarker studies such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 metalloproteinases, which allow us to determine the level of ocular inflammation and precisely personalise the treatment for each patient.

In the clinic of the Dr. Ali Nowrouzi in MarbellaWe have advanced technology to diagnose problems such as blepharitis and dry eye accurately.

Treatment of blepharitis

The management of blepharitis requires a integrated approach combining good hygiene habits with specific medical treatments. Proper treatment can reduce symptoms and minimise the possibility of relapse in people with this eye condition.

Eyelid hygiene

Proper hygiene is the cornerstone of treatment. Daily eyelid care helps prevent the build-up of oil and scales that promote inflammation and eye discomfort.

How to clean the eyelids

For a correct cleaningshould be used specific ophthalmic solutions or wipes designed for this purpose. It is recommended to clean the edges of the eyelids gently to remove crusts and debris. It is important to clean the eyelids on a daily basis and with products that do not irritate the eyes.

Use of hot compresses

Applying warm compresses to the eyelids is another essential task. This helps to open the ducts of the sebaceous glands and facilitates the removal of crusts. Each application should last about 5-10 minutes, and is recommended on a regular basis.

Medical treatment

When hygiene is not sufficient, pharmacological treatments may be necessary. These may include different types of medication, each adapted to the severity and type of blepharitis present in the patient.

Topical antibiotics

They are used ointments antibioticssuch as the erythromycin or the bacitracindirectly on the palpebral margins. These medicines help to control bacterial growth, especially in cases of staphylococcal blepharitis.

Oral antibiotics

In more severe or chronic situations, oral antibiotics such as doxycycline or azithromycin are prescribed. These are particularly effective when recurrent infections occur or when Meibomian gland dysfunction is present.

Topical corticosteroids

The corticosteroids are occasionally used to combat inflammationHowever, they should be used with caution due to the side effects they can cause. They are generally not the first choice of treatment.

Innovative treatments

Other options that have recently emerged include treatments that use advanced technology to improve the condition of the eyelids and relieve symptoms related to dry eye.

Intense pulsed light

Therapy with intense pulsed light is being used to reduce inflammation and improve drainage of the Meibomian glands. This may be beneficial for those suffering from glandular dysfunction.

Home treatments

In some cases, people may opt for home remedies to complement the treatment prescribed by the doctor.

Use of tea tree oil

This oil has been valued for its antimicrobial properties. Diluting it and applying it to the eyelids can help fight infection and inflammation, provided it is done with caution to avoid irritation.

Omega fatty acid supplements

Eating foods rich in omega-3s, such as oily fish and walnuts, can improve the health of the meibomian glands. These fatty acids are essential for good tear production and can reduce symptoms of dry eyes.

Blepharitis treatment with state-of-the-art technology

In addition to artificial tears, our clinic offers state-of-the-art treatments for the effective management of dry eye. We have IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) in micro-pulse mode and thermal resonance, as well as high-precision radiofrequency to stimulate the Meibomian glands and improve tear film quality in a natural way. We also use the innovative Lacrofill as an alternative to punctal plugs, allowing prolonged ocular hydration to be maintained without discomfort or obstruction. With this approach, we seek not only to alleviate the symptoms, but also to treat the cause of dry eye, significantly improving the comfort and visual quality of our patients.

Prevention and care

Prevention and care are essential aspects of managing blepharitis and minimising its symptoms. Maintaining proper eye hygiene habits and controlling triggers can help reduce the frequency of episodes and improve overall eye health.

Keep eyelids clean

Good eyelid hygiene is essential. This involves regularly cleaning the eyelid margins to prevent the build-up of oil, scales and other debris that can contribute to inflammation.

Use ophthalmic wipes specific or saline solutions to gently clean the edge of the eyelids.
Perform this cleaning at least once a day, or more frequently if necessary.
It is advisable to use a clean cloth or a different applicator for each eye, thus avoiding cross-contamination.

Control of underlying factors

Identifying and treating conditions that can aggravate blepharitis is crucial for proper management. These conditions may include seborrhoeic dermatitis, rosacea or other dermatological problems that influence eyelid health.

Consult a dermatologist for signs of skin problems that may be interfering with eye health.
Adjust the medical treatments to address any underlying conditions that may contribute to chronic eyelid inflammation.

Tips to prevent recurrences

Implementing daily care habits is crucial to prevent the recurrence of blepharitis. In addition, lifestyle changes can reduce the likelihood of new outbreaks developing.

Avoid the overuse Make-up on the eyes, as it can irritate the skin and clog the sebaceous glands.
Limit the use of contact lenses, especially if eye discomfort is experienced.
Incorporate foods rich in acids omega-3 fatty acids in the diet, as they help to improve tear production and eyelid health.
Get regular eye check-ups to monitor eye health and receive personalised recommendations.

Proper eye hygiene and regular check-ups are key to avoiding relapses. In our ophthalmology clinic in Marbella we offer you a complete follow-up to maintain your long-term visual health.

Frequently asked questions about blepharitis

There are a number of concerns about blepharitis, an eye condition that can cause significant discomfort. Here are the most common questions and their answers.

Does blepharitis disappear completely?

Blepharitis is a condition that, in many cases, can be caused by chronicle. Although symptoms may improve or disappear with appropriate treatment, relapses are common. Therefore, ongoing management and proper eyelid hygiene are essential to minimise episodes and maintain eye health. With proper clinical follow-up, many people manage to control the condition effectively.

Is it possible that you have blepharitis without knowing it?

The symptoms of blepharitis can be subtle or even confused with other conditions. Some people may experience mild discomfort or redness in the eyelids. eyelids without recognising that they are developing blepharitis. In particular, those with a history of skin disease or meibomian gland dysfunction may be more prone to this condition without being aware of it. It is therefore advisable to undergo regular examinations with an ophthalmologist, even in the absence of obvious symptoms, to detect eye diseases early.

When to consult a doctor?

It is vital to seek medical attention when symptoms such as:

Persistent redness or swelling of the eyelids.
Abnormal eye discharge or crusting of the eyelashes.
Sensation of grit or foreign body in the eye.
Decreased vision or increased eye pain.

Also, if home treatments or hygiene measures do not produce improvement or if symptoms worsen, it is advisable to consult a specialist. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent more serious complications.

Potential complications

Blepharitis, if not properly treated, can lead to various complications that affect ocular health. These complications can aggravate the initial symptomatology and hinder patients' quality of life.

Eye infection and other conditions

One of the most common complications associated with blepharitis is the increased risk of eye infections. Persistent inflammation creates an environment conducive to the proliferation of bacteria and other microorganisms.

StiesThese infections present as painful, reddened bumps on the eyelid, resulting from blockage of the sebaceous glands. If not treated in time, they can develop into abscesses.
ConjunctivitisConjunctival inflammation can occur due to chronic irritation and accumulation of secretions, resulting in symptoms such as redness and itching of the eyes.
KeratitisContinuous irritation from blepharitis can lead to inflammation of the skin and inflammation of the corneawhich carries a higher risk of eye damage and long-term visual complications.

Dry eye syndrome

Another problem caused by blepharitis is the blepharitis syndrome. dry eye. Dysfunction of the meibomian glands, responsible for the production of the lipid component of tears, may compromise the stability of the tear film.

Dry eyesLack of adequate tear production causes a feeling of dryness and discomfort in the eyes, which can be extremely uncomfortable for the patient.
Decreased quality of lifeDry eye symptoms can affect the ability to perform daily activities, such as reading or using electronic devices, leading to frustration and decreased social interaction.
Long-term complicationsIf ongoing, dry eye syndrome can lead to more serious complications if not managed properly, including damage to the ocular surface.

The role of the ophthalmologist in the management of blepharitis

The intervention of an ophthalmologist is crucial to effectively address blepharitis. As this condition can be recurrent and complex, specialised medical care helps to control symptoms and prevent complications.

Importance of medical care

Ophthalmological care allows for a precise diagnosis and treatment adapted to the type of blepharitis the patient presents. The ophthalmologists have the knowledge and tools necessary to assess the eyelids and determine the underlying causes of the swelling.

The benefits of consulting a specialist include:

Comprehensive symptom assessment.
Detection of associated conditions that may aggravate blepharitis, such as seborrhoeic dermatitis or rosacea.
Prescription of specific treatments, including topical and oral antibiotics.
Guidance on proper eyelid hygiene and preventive care.

Regular monitoring and reviews

Regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist are essential to monitor the evolution of blepharitis. These consultations allow treatment adjustments to be made as necessary, as well as assessing the response to the therapies applied.

Monitoring may include:

Regular assessments to check the evolution of symptoms.
Reviews of eyelid hygiene techniques to improve patient adherence.
Rule out complications such as recurrent sties or infections that may require additional attention.
Recommendations on the use of dietary supplements that may benefit eye health.

Therefore, the role of the ophthalmologist is integral in the management of blepharitis, ensuring that each patient receives appropriate care to achieve effective control of their eye condition.

Blepharitis requires expert, personalised care. The Dr. Ali Nowrouzispecialist in eye surgery in Marbellawill help you control inflammation and prevent complications.